很久没有写管理体系方面的知识了,突然想到咱的主业是管理体系认证,不写点这方面的东西会让大家以为咱是外行呢。我一直强调拥有逻辑思维对管理人员的重要性,但是没有列举出实际的例子,这次咱们从六西格玛的DMAIC感受下逻辑思维。还有非常牛叉的案例提供给同学们。
首先还是定义,什么是DMAIC:它是6σ中所用的业绩改进模型,简单讲具体的步骤为:
1.确定问题/机会/提升目标。高层次的目标可以是组织的战略目标,如高的投资回报率或市场份额。在作业层目标可以是增加某个制造部门的产出。在工序控制这一级,目标可以是降低缺陷率和增加效率。
2.测量现状。制定合理的、可靠的衡量标准,以监督过程的进展。首先要确定目前的水准线。
3.分析现状,找出改机会:以确定应用哪些方法来消除当前业绩与目标业绩之间的差距。找出可以改进的空间,可以应用统计工具来指导分析。
4.改进:寻找新方法要具有创造性,以把事情做得更好、更快、更节约成本。应用项目管理或其他策划和管理工具来应用这些新方法。应用统计方法来确认这些改进。
5.控制改进成果。通过修订激励机制、方针、目标等使改进后的体系制度化。
换个角度:
界定阶段:
主要任务一:如何选择项目(项目选择距阵、平衡记分卡)
主要任务二:如何分析项目(客户需求分析(VOC、CTQ、QFD)、流程分析(Flow Chart、SINPOC、项目股东分析)、COPQ分析)
主要任务三:如何描述项目(项目名称、负责人、问题机会陈述、目标 ….)
测量阶段:
主要任务一:确定评价的指标(RTY、DPU/DPO/DPMO、Cpk……)
主要任务二:如何收集数据
主要任务三:确定测量系统的可靠性(MSA)
分析阶段:
主要任务一:确定影响输出的所有因素(头脑风暴、鱼刺图)
主要任务二:确定关键性的因素(排列图、FMEA、散布图)
主要任务三:如何验证分析结果(假设检验、ANOVA)
改进阶段:
主要任务一:确定输入与输出之间的内在规律(回归分析及预测)
主要任务二:确定项目改进的优化方案(DOE)
控制阶段:
主要任务一:如何保持过程的长期稳定(统计过程控制)
主要任务二:如何巩固项目成果和保持持续改进(标准化、现场管理(目视管理、5S)、POKA YOKE)
一个典型的案例:日本原版DMAIC案例
最后一个案例是DFACE模型,相信大家都没听说过,看到了案例是不是你就懂了,无论是什么模型,都是按照逻辑思维的套路,环环相扣的实现目标。为了方便同学们推广,需要的同学可以直接下载PPT档。
资料来源:(3) 日本原版DMAIC案例 – 六西格玛品质网 (6sq.net)
发布人:zhijijinzhao 如有不妥,请作者联系删除
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